M.test#1 Slump Test ASTM C 143

Mix design of concrete test#1: SLUMP TEST ASTM C 143

This test method covers determination of slump of fresh concrete both in the laboratory and in the field .

SUMMARY OF THE SECOND CHAPTER : SOIL TESTS FOR HIGHWAY PURPOSES

SUMMARY OF THE SECOND CHAPTER : SOIL TESTS FOR HIGHWAY PURPOSES

Soil engineering is vital within civil engineering. The properties of a soil influence and affect a structure when being built and as a result the soil must be tested before designing

We end this chapter of "soil tests for highway purposes" with our 8 posted tests , and our next stop is " Mix Design of Concrete ACI 211"

A minor reminder of what the posted tests in this photo 

S.test#8 : Classification Of Soil

S.Test#8 : Classification of soils AASHTO M 145-91

This recommended practice describes a procedure  for classifying soils into seven groups based on lab determination of particle-size distribution. Liquid limit,plastic limit , and plasticity index evaluation of soils within each group index , should be useful in determining relative  quality of soil material for use in earthwork structure , subbase , subgrade or others .

S.test #5#6#7 Atterberg Limit : Liquid Limit - Plastic Limit - Plasticity Index

Atterberg limit contains 3 tests ( liquid limit , plastic limit , plasticity limit)

S.test #5 Determination of the Liquid limit of soil AASHTO T-89 (Atterberg limit)

This procedure covers the determination of the liquid limit of soil .It covers the change of soil from elasticity position to liquid position .

S.test#6: Plastic Limit AASHTO T - 90 (Atterberg Limit)

The plastic limit of a soil is the lowest water content at which soil remains plastic 

S.test#7 Plasticity index AASHTO T-91 (Atterberg limit)

The plasticity index of a soil is the numerical difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit.It's the moisture content at which the soil is in a plastic state 

S.test#4 California Bearing Ratio

S.Tests#4: California Bearing Ration AASHTP T 193 - 93 ASTM D1883

This test method covers the determination of the California Bearing Ratio ( CBR) of pavement subgrade , subbase and basecoarse materials  rotary compacted specimen . The test method is primarily intended for - but not limited to - evaluating the strength of the cohesive materials having maximum particle sizes less than 19mm.It is the load to penetrate a cylinder with some speed to 0.1 in. or 01.2 in

S.TEST#3 Density Of Soil using 100lb. Rammer

S.Test#3: Density relation of soil using 100lb. Rammer AASHTO T99

this test method is intended for determining the relationship between the moisture content and density of soils when compacted in given mold of a given size with 10lb rammer dropped from a height of 457mm. Four alternate procedures are provided 

S.test#2: Moisture Content In Soil

S.test#2: Laboratory Determination of moisture content of soil AASHTO T265-91

This procedure is used to determine the total moisture content of a soil . The soil is dried to remove all free moisture . This test measures the weight of the moisture removed from the soil .

S.test#1 : SandCone

S.Test#1: Density and unit weight of soil (SAND CONE) AASHTo 191 - 93

This test method covers the determination of compaction of the field if it's done by sand cone 

Summary of the First Chapter : MATERIAL TESTING

The core of any civil engineering design is the understanding of the behavioural , physical , and mechanical properties of the materials used . 


Today we have finished the " Material testing" category in which we have posted 13 tests , and our NEXT stop is :

" SOIL tests for highway purposes " 

A minor reminder of the tests ,that have been posted, in this photo 

Test#12 Material Finer 75 Micron Sieve (ASTM C117-90)

Material finer than 75mi (ASTM C 117-90)

This test method covers determination of the amount of material finer than 75 micron ( No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water  as well as the water soluble materials , will be removed from aggregate during test 

Test#11 Fineness Modulus

Determination of fitness modulus on fine aggregate (AASHTO M6)

Fitness Modulus results from a calculation on using data from a sieve analysis. The sieves used for sand are typically  the 0.15mm (No.100) 0.30 (No.50) , 0.60mm(No. 30 ) , 1.18mm (No.16) , 2.36mm (No.8) and the 4.75mm (No.4)

Test#10: Clay Lumps and friable particles (AASHTO T 112 - ASTM C 142)

Clay Lumps and friable particles (AASHTO T 112 - ASTM C 142)

This test method covers the approximate determination of clay lumps  and friable in natural aggregates 

Test#9: Determination of Shell Content

Determination of Shell Content ( soft fragment BS - 812 - 1985)
This test method describes the determination of shell content of coarse aggregate 

Test#8: Coal And Lignite (AASHTO T 113) Lightweight pieces in aggregate ASTM C123

Coal & Lignite ( AASHTO T 113 ) Lightweight pieces in aggregateASTM C123
This test method covers the determination of the percentage of light weight pieces in aggregate  by mean of sink float separation in a heavy liquid of suitable specific gravity 

Test#7: Flakiness And Elongation in accordance to BS 812-1975

Test#7 : Flakiness and Elongation in accordance to BS 812-1975
-This test method describes of the flakiness index of coarse aggregates that are classified as flaky when they have a thickness  less than 0.6 of their mean size.-This test method also describes the determination of the elongation of the coarse aggregates that are classified as elongated when they have a length of more than 1.8 of their mean sieve size

Test#6: Organic Impurities in Sand ( AASHTO T21/ASTM C40)

Organic impurities in sand (AASHTO T21/ASTM C40)
The method provides a good estimate of this type of organic matter , and when the soil contains only this type, it can also provide a good estimate of the total organic content.However the reagents used to react only very slightly with fresh plant materials such as wood , roots , and weed tops etc.., or with hydrocarbons , charcoal, lignite, coal and the organic remains in ancient sediments. If such materials are present, and the total organic matter is to be determined , then the "LOSS ON IGNITION" T 267 method must be used 

Test#5: Los Angeles abrasion test in accordance with ( AASHTO T96-ASTM C 131)

 Los Angeles  abrasion test in accordance  with (  AASHTO  T 96 - ASTM C 131 )

This method covers the procedure for testing crushed rock, slag and gravel and uncrushed gravel for resistance to abrasion using the Los Angeles testing machine .The Los Angeles Rattler test is a measure of degradation of mineral aggregates of standard gradings resulting from a combination of actions including abrasion or attrition,impact,and grinding in a rotating steel drum containing a specified number of steel spheres (dependent upon the test sample"s grading).
As the drum rotates , a shelf plate picks up the sample and the steel spheres, carrying them around until they are dropped to the opposite side of the drum,causing an impact-crushing effect.The contents then roll withi the drum with an abrading and grinding action until the shelf plate impacts and the cycle is repeated.After the prescribes number of revolutions,the contents are removed from the drum and the aggregate portion is sieved to measure the degradation as percent loss.

Test#4: Moisture Content

Total Moisture Content Af Aggregate By Drying   ASTM  C 566 -89

This test method covers the determination of the percentage of evaporable moisture in a sample of aggregates by drying in hardened concrete

Test#3 Specific Gravity

Test #3: Water Absorption For(Coarse Agg.-Medium Agg.-Crushed Sand-Natural Sand)

            Specific gravity & Absorption & Dry rod mass (ASTM C 642 -90 -AASHTO T 19M-93)

This test  method covers the determination of specific gravity & percentage  of absorption & dry rod mass of Fine & Coarse aggregates 

Test #2 : Sand Equivalent test in accordance with AASHTO T 176

Sand Equivalent in accordance with AASHTO  T 176

This test method is intended to serve as a rapid field correlation test to indicate  clay or plastic fines and dusts in granular soils and aggregates that pass No. 4 (4.75mm) sieve